Map of the Parish of Wellington in Kent County

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Map of the Parish of Wellington in Kent County
William Layton, Deputy Surveyor
18 August 1832
UNB Archives & Special Collections. Indian Affairs Documents, MG H54.
University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick

Maps served many purposes in nineteenth-century New Brunswick. They indicated directions to lost travellers, they served as the basis for governmental tax rolls, and they also acted as documents of imperialism by promoting, assisting, and legitimatizing the projection of European power. This map, part of a survey of 100 acres completed for Peter and Albert Smith on Mill Creek in Buctouche, acted as an essential part in physically dividing Aboriginal land into measured lots, allowing European settlers access to the land.

Biographies

Read biographies of several individuals who featured prominently in the land debate in New Brunswick.

Gabriel Acquin

Considered to be the founder of the St. Mary’s First Nation, Gabriel Acquin travelled to England several times forming friendships with royalty, but continued to serve as a hunter, guide, and interpreter in New Brunswick.

Jared Tozer, Jr.

Born into an influential family in 1798, Jared Tozer Jr. was a lumber contractor and public figure on the Miramichi. His father, Jared Tozer Sr., was a native of Connecticut, who had fought as a Patriot in the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783) before being drawn to New Brunswick in 1789 by the economic opportunities of the new province.

John Julian

John Julian and his family successfully petitioned the colonial government to continue living on their traditional homeland along New Brunswick’s Miramichi River.

Moses Perley

As Commissioner of Indian Affairs for New Brunswick in the 1840s Moses Perley advanced the cause of Aboriginal rights in the province.

Noel Bear

Like all members of the Wabanaki Confederacy, Noel Bear inherited a vast hunting range, stretching from New Brunswick southward to Maine and westward to the St. Lawrence River. By the time of his death, his inheritance had shrunk to a few acres of land.

Noel John (Gohn)

Noel John, chief of the Buctouche-Richibucto Mi’kmaq, petitioned the New Brunswick government to maintain his people’s land. He later sold some of that land to non-Aboriginal settlers.